While working on projects related to the IoT, prototyping, embedded systems, and robotics, the development boards play a significant role in several applications related to processing and control.  These development boards are suitable for many applications because each of them has its unique strengths and weaknesses as per the applications. In our article, we will focus on a detailed comparison between these three development boards with a focus on their features, prices, and performance.

General Overview of Aurdino, STM series, and Raspberry Pi:

Arduino:

Aurdino in terms of its software and hardware is based on an easy-to-use phenomenon and it's an open-source electronic platform. Arduino boards are not designed as full computers and cannot run operating systems instead they act as microcontrollers and perform specific operations and functions in an electrical system.

The Arduino is an ideal choice for simple automation projects, robotics, and sensor interfacing in an electrical system at the beginner level.

STM32 series:

STM32 is a complete series of MCUs known as 32-bit microcontroller units which is developed by STMicroelectronics. Whenever we need versatility, lower power consumption, and high performance in an electrical system these development boards are excellent choices. Based on the exceptional qualities of these development boards they are most used in the applications at the industrial level. Those Involved complex embedded systems to modern-day IoT devices.

Raspberry Pi:

The Raspberry Pi Foundation developed  a SBC( known as single board computer) which is efficient, low cost and high performance computing device. This device is so capable that in can even run Linux operating systems which is  a full fledged operating system. From computers to education purposes these borads are widely used in home automation as well as media centers.

Main Features :

Features of Aurdino:

· Arduino microcontrollers are very user friendly even a beginner-level student can learn their use very easily

· A large number of tutorials, resources, and libraries are provided by the Aurdino community being an open source with a huge community.

· A variety of Shields such as sensor interesting, internet connectivity, and wireless controls can be provided by these microcontrollers.

· As compared to any other microcontroller these are much cheaper in price and an economical device.

The main features of this microcontroller are given in detail in the table below,

Based on the qualities mentioned above this development board is an ideal choice for applications involved in sensor interfacing, Robotics and simple automation.

Features of Raspberry Pi:

· Tasks like a fully functional computer and multitasking can be performed by these development boards by being a full-featured operating system.

· This development board has applications in all science and technology fields, complex tasks and applications involved in AI to machine learning can be provided by these development boards.

· These development boards support almost all types of external devices that can be equipped to enhance the features of different development boards such as Wi-fi, HDMI, USB, and Ethernet which makes these boards an ideal choice for several applications.

· Just like other developments the Raspberry Pi community is a huge community offering all kinds of resources for its users and researchers.

The main features of the Raspberry pi development board are given in detail in the table below,

Based on the qualities mentioned above this development board is an ideal choice for applications involved in web servers, machine learning, and desktop computing.

Features of STM32:  

· The main reason to use STM32 as compared to other development boards is its exceptional ability to lower power consumption because the Raspberry Pie is a type of full computer and is equipped with more electronic components, due to this reason it consumes more electrical energy. The applications where battery-operated devices or electrical systems are involved the STM32 will be an ideal choice for it. For of the embedded tasks can be performed by these microcontrollers by consuming minimal power.

· For real-time performance applications the STM32 is preferred as compared to the Raspberry Pi, no doubt the Raspberry pie can handle tasks more efficiently but has real time operating system, that why it is unacceptable in many types of time-sensitive applications.

· While working at a large scale the the number  of microcontroller in an electrical system is a serious phenomenon to consider, so the lower cost of development boards at a large scale is a significant advantage. If we consider the purchase of STM32 in bulk quantity it will be a lot cheaper than the Raspberry Pi.

· Smaller size and long-term reliability also make the STM32 an ideal choice for many applications where space is a limiting factor and requires more reliability.

The main features of the STM32 series are given in detail in the table below,

Based on the qualities mentioned above this development board is an ideal choice for applications involving real-time signal processing, modern-day IoT technology as well as industrial control processes.

Performance Comparison:

The overall performance comparison for all these 3 types of development boards is given in the table below in detail.

Comparing the performance of all these development boards we can conclude that the Raspberry Pi development boards having full computer capabilities offer the highest performance as compared to the STM32 offers a balanced performance better for the embedded systems and lowest by Arduino by used for simple projects.

Price Comparison:

· The prices vary a lot for Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and the stm32, where the audio is cheaper and the Raspberry Pi is more expensive in this list. The Raspberry Pi starts from 35 $ depending on the size of the RAM we chose too by ranging from 1GB to 16 GB, the price for the latest 16 GB Raspberry Pi is up to 120 $.

· The STM32 series price ranges from 10 to 50 $ with entry-level boards like 10 $ for blue pills and black pills 15 $.

· The Arduino prices range from 20 $ minimum to 160$ maximum for its wide range of development boards.